亚太社区促进会：如何预防和救助住宅火灾

　　（亚太社区促进会来稿）住宅火灾最常见的原因是烹调事故、烟雾以及不适当的使用燃木材的炉子或加热器。下面列举了一些避免住宅火灾或火灾发生时保护人身安全的措施。防备火灾 在所有的卧室中或附近安装烟火探测器,包括住宅的每一层楼及地下室。定期检查烟火探测器,每年更换电池两次。

　　准备A-B-C类型的灭火器。教会家庭成员如何使用。 知道房屋的所有出口,包括窗子。如果你住在公寓中,数一下你的公寓与两个离你最近的出口之间有几个门。 至少知道每一个房间的两个出口,以免烟火封住主要出口。 指定一个户外集合地点。 制定一项撤离计划,与家人一道练习。这将有助于确保你们能够迅速撤离,不会有任何失误。 在楼上的卧室中放置折叠式或链条式梯子。 安全地使用替代热源,例如燃木材的炉子或空间加热器: 决不要在室内使用煤气烤箱、煤气炉、烤肉架或大多数可以移动的煤气罐加热器。 准备消防材料:灭火粉、灭火器、厚油布或毯子及水。 在使用替代热源时,务必阅读制造商说明。

　　不要在卧室、沙发或可能入睡的任何地点吸烟。

　　睡觉时关上卧室的门。

　　确保你的门牌号码可以从街上清楚地看到,以便消防车找到你的住处。

　　准备消防材料:灭火粉、灭火器、厚油布或毯子及水。如果发生火灾

　　如果发生火灾棗撤离。不要返回室内。从邻居家拨打9-1-1电话。

　　在电器起火时绝对不要用水灭火。

　　在厨房里可用苏打粉或盐扑灭燃烧的油火,如果是在锅中起火,可盖上盖子。

　　如果被烟包围棗趴在地上爬行;用鼻子作浅呼吸,把罩衫、衬衣或外套作为过滤器。

　　如果你必须穿过火焰棗屏住呼吸,快速移动,裹住头部及头发,低下头,尽量闭上眼睛。?如果衣服着火,「停下、卧倒、打滚」,直至火熄灭。

　　如果你在​​一个无法逃出的房间内,不要开门,趴在地板上,在窗外挂一条白色或浅色的床单。核实所有家人的下落。如果有人走失,报告消防队。

• Install smoke detectors in or near all sleeping areas and on every level of your home, including the basement. Check smoke detectors on a regular basis and replace the batteries twice yearly.
• Have A-B-C type fire extinguishers. Teach family members how to use them.
• Know the location of all exits including windows. If you live in an apartment, count the number of doorways between your apartment and the two nearest exits.
• Know two ways out of every room in case smoke or flames block your primary exit.
• Choose a meeting place outside the home.
• Have an escape plan and practice it with your family. This will help ensure you can get out quickly when there is no time for mistakes.
• Keep folding or chain style ladders stored in each upstairs bedroom.
• Use alternative heat sources, such as woodstoves or space heaters, safely:
  • Never use gas ovens, gas ranges, barbecues, or most portable or propane heaters for indoor heating.
  • Have fire-fighting materials available: dry powder, fire extinguisher, heavy tarp or blanket, and water.
  • Before using an alternative heat source, read the manufacturer’s instructions.
• Do not smoke in the bedroom, on the couch or anywhere you might fall asleep while smoking.
• Sleep with your bedroom door closed.
• Make sure your house number is clearly visible from the street and that fire trucks can reach your home.
• Have fire-fighting materials available: dry powder, fire extinguisher, heavy tarp or blanket, and water.

• If there is a fire ?evacuate. Do not go back inside. Call 9-1-1 from a neighbor’s house.
• Never use water on an electrical fire.
• Smother oil and grease fires in the kitchen with baking soda or salt, or put a lid over the flame if it is burning in a pan.
• If caught in smoke ?drop to your hands and knees and crawl; breathe shallowly through your nose and use your blouse, shirt or jacket as a filter.
• If you must move through flames ?hold your breath, move quickly, cover your head and hair, keep your head down and close your eyes as much as possible.
• If your clothes catch fire, top, drop and roll?until the fire is out.
• If you are in a room and cannot escape, leave the door closed, stay low to the floor and hang a white or light-colored sheet outside the window.
• Be sure all family members are accounted for. If someone is missing, let the fire department know.